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paleoanthropology, genetics and evolution

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  • The year's big paleoanthropology stories

    Mon, 2009-12-07 20:31 -- John Hawks

    Last year, I complained that paleoanthropology had been exceptionally boring. One piece of evidence was the year-end retrospective in Discover about the top 100 science stories, of which only three were paleoanthropology-related.

    Now, I would never have claimed that this year has been boring for paleoanthropology. But reading through the current Discover, there actually weren't all that many big stories. Sure, enough to make it an interesting year, especially considering the October onslaught. But except for Ardi, it was a year of empirical news and little fundamental movement in our knowledge about human evolution.

    Here's a list of the paleoanthro stories in this year's top 100:

    3. Ardipithecus. This of course raises the question about which science stories were bigger -- number 1 was vaccines, number 2 the Augustine report on NASA's future. Ardi also made a second appearance as part of number 43, the Darwin-centric entry.

    35. Neandertal DNA. This was more media event than story in 2009, but worth including in any year.

    51. Hohle Fels flutes.

    80. We get a target-rich environment starting here: Chimpanzees plan ahead -- this is the meat-for-sex story.

    81. "Human gene changes mouse talk" -- transgenic FOXP2 mice.

    82. "Early humans tended the disabled" -- the Atapuerca craniosynostosis case.

    There are a few more that touch on issues discussed here on the blog, but except for the Paleoindian drive lines discovered under Lake Huron (number 95), they don't really hit paleoanthropology.

    However, one paleoanthropologist does make another appearance: I was unaware until I read item number 93 that Dean Falk was working on Einstein's brain.

    UPDATE (2009-12-11): Several readers wrote to request the reference to Falk's Einstein brain work. A copy is free online from PubMed.

  • Why was paleoanthropology so boring in 2008?

    Sun, 2008-12-07 15:24 -- John Hawks

    The year isn't quite over yet, but when I went looking at my annual predictions for the year (thinking mostly about what I should write this time around), I realized that paleoanthropology has been almost devoid of interesting news.

    It's not just the lack of Sahelanthropus and Ardipithecus -- those have been vaporware for years now. The thing is that there's been almost nothing else.

    That's tough for me, in that I really like to get new results and do quick analyses of them here. If you've been reading for more than a year, you'll remember many times when I've had the real story behind the story within a day of a report being released. But this year, there have been very few chances to do that -- the Neandertal mtDNA genome in August, the Howieson's Poort dating paper, the non-existent Late Pleistocene African population crash, and the Flores tooth kerfuffle.

    I've looked. Those are really scraping the bottom. If I want to go much wider, I'm down to Lascaux's fungus problems. Really.

    I was reminded of this as I was looking through the year-end Discover list of 100 science stories of 2008. There are only three that are paleoanthropology-related. Number 8 is a mash-up of every Neandertal-related science story of the year (they title the short piece, "They're Just Like Us"). That's really not so many stories; just the mtDNA sequence, the Gibraltar seafood story, and the analysis of Neandertal development by Marcia Ponce de Léon and colleagues. If we hook on the press that has gone to the Neandertals, that's about the maximum excitement for the year.

    The only new hominid fossil making the list was at number 76, the mandible from Sima del Elefante, billed as the "earliest European." Of course, that first made the news in July, 2007! Whooo-hoo!

    And at number 85, Discover includes various hobbit-related stories. News? Not very new news.

    So what's the deal here? What gives?

    It's not just a general science news slowdown. There have been plenty of new and interesting stories about human genetics and biotechnology in the last year -- I've covered many, but there are more than I can track. And Discover itself notes a bunch of stories in Holocene archaeology. That also tends to suggest that the election and economy haven't driven science news away.

    Nope, it's really paleoanthropology. There's something really awry here. We've had few new fossils (the Gona pelvis being a notable exception), and although there have been many new archaeology papers, very few have hit the category of "news."

    This is a big opportunity for enterprising science writers to find the stories in paleoanthropology that aren't hitting the headlines. What is happening behind the scenes? Where is the field going, beyond waiting for new fossils? A lot of stories are waiting to be told, but the young scientists involved may not know how interesting their stuff really is.

    UPDATE (2008-12-11): I missed number 10 in the Discover list, which was a compilation of stories about the peopling of the Americas. I would normally have counted this one, but honestly I missed it because I scanned the page visually as an advertisement, not s story! It has been an eventful couple of years for the origins of New World peoples.

  • Hawks featured in Science News

    Thu, 2008-08-28 15:43 -- John Hawks

    Bruce Bower has a really nice feature article in Science News about my work on hearing and recent selection:

    It all points to the evolutionary sensitivity of at least one part of the human language system in the post–Stone Age world, Hawks reported in April in Columbus at the annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Language depends not just on a vocal tract capable of making certain speech sounds but on ears designed to hear particular sound frequencies, as well as on a variety of other brain and body features. Relatively recently in evolutionary history, genetic revisions within populations have upgraded ear structures needed for discerning what other people say, he proposes.

    “It takes a long time for a biologically complex system like language to evolve,” Hawks says. “We’re still genetically adapting to language.”

    This is a really nice article, and I wasn't expecting it to come out, so please go read it!

  • "[Tom] Arnold will play Rog, a gay caveman"

    Mon, 2005-11-28 04:24 -- John Hawks

    That's the last line of this news item about the cast of the upcoming movie, "Homo Erectus: A Caveman Comedy":

    The film centers on Ishbo ([Adam] Rifkin), a philosophical caveman who loves Fardart ([Ali] Larter), but she only has eyes for Ishbo's studly, dimwitted brother, Thudnik ([Hayes] MacArthur). [Kill Bill's David] Carradine and [Rocky's Talia] Shire will play Ishbo's parents, while [Tom] Arnold will play Rog, a gay caveman.

    Hmmm...a philosophical caveman? Would that be like Johnny Hart?

    The whole thing reminds me of Caveman, a movie from 1981 where Ringo Starr and Dennis Quaid compete for Shelley Long (!). Man, I thought that movie was great when I was 9! Maybe it made me an anthropologist....

    OK, I've snapped out of it.

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Neandertals

For years, I've worked on their bones. Now I'm working on their genes. Read more about the science studying these ancient people.

Denisova

From a finger bone of an ancient human came the record of a completely unexpected population. My lab is working on the science of the Denisova genome.

Acceleration

The advent of agriculture caused natural selection to speed up greatly in humans. We're uncovering some of the ways that populations have rapidly changed during the last 10,000 years.

Malapa

Just outside Johannesburg, the Malapa site is producing some of the most exciting finds in human evolution. This site is the headquarters of the Malapa Soft Tissue Project.